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Ni diffusion in sub-100 nm devices can adversely affect electrical performance, and contribute greatly to yield loss. Despite the tremendous advantages of Ni salicide technology over Ti or Co, there are problems associated with the intrinsic properties of NiSi. Ni spiking into Si substrate or conductive bridges between silicide on the gate electrodes and that on the source/drain terminals can occur...
NiSi has replaced CoSi2 as the salicide material for 65 nm technology and beyond mainly due to its low salicide resistance for the narrow line width structures. However, it may bring along unwanted salicidation, resulting in failed transistors. This paper highlights how unwanted salicidation, also known as Ni piping, is successfully identified by physical and electrical failure analysis techniques.
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