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Stereoscopic 3D (S3D) has reached wide levels of adoption in consumer and professional markets. However, production of high quality S3D content is still a difficult and expensive art. Various S3D production tools and systems have been released recently to assist high quality content creation. This paper presents a number of such algorithms, tools and systems developed at Disney Research Zurich, which...
The ability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to detect stress-induced myocardial perfusion abnormalities is of great clinical interest as a potential tool for the combined evaluation of coronary stenosis and its significance. However, stress testing requires repeated scanning, which is associated with additional radiation exposure and iodine contrast. Our goal was to determine the effects...
This paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in 3-D video postproduction and processing as well as an outlook to remaining challenges and opportunities. First, fundamentals of stereography are outlined that set the rules for proper 3-D content creation. Manipulation of the depth composition of a given stereo pair via view synthesis is identified as the key functionality in this context. Basic...
Pre-surgical planning of mitral valve (MV) repair in patients with Barlow's disease (BD) and fibroelastic deficiency (FED) is challenging due to inability to accurately assess the complexity of MV prolapse. We hypothesized that the etiology of degenerative MV disease (DMVD) could be objectively and accurately determined using morphologic analysis of MV geometry from real-time 3D echocardiographic...
Although abnormal motion of the interventricular septum (IVS) caused by elevated right ventricular pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is easy to recognize visually, determination of the severity of PH relies on measurements of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). We hypothesized that quantitative 3D analysis of regional IVS curvature throughout the cardiac cycle could be used to differentiate...
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is usually assessed using changes in LV volume, while disregarding regional changes that may occur independently of volume. We hypothesized that 3D analysis of regional endocardial curvature could provide useful information on localized remodeling. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images were acquired in 44 patients: 14 normal controls (NL), 15 with dilated cardiomyopathy...
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common native valve disease. The assessment of its severity is routinely performed using transthoracic 2D echocardiography. In particular, aortic valve area (AVA) is usually assessed by continuity equation, although this measurement relies on geometrical assumptions, or by planimetry on transesophageal echocardiography. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to develop...
Mitral effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) using the flow convergence (FC) method is the current method of choice for quantifying the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR). However, this methodology has limitations, especially in patients with complex mitral valve (MV) pathology. The superior image quality of the transesophageal real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3D-TEE) offers an opportunity...
Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) assessment of myocardial perfusion is based on visualization of 2D slices. To overcome the subjective nature of this analysis, we developed a new technique for quantification of myocardial perfusion from MDCT 3D datasets and tested it against nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). MDCT datasets of 44 patients were analyzed to generate bull's eye display...
Although 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has been shown useful for the assessment of regional left ventricular (LV) function, it is limited by its 2D nature. Our goal was to evaluate new 3D-STE software by comparing regional wall motion (RWM) measurements against 2D-STE, and testing its ability to identify RWM abnormalities. 2D and real-time 3D datasets obtained in 32 subjects were analyzed...
Mitral valve (MV) repair is the preferential treatment for mitral regurgitation (MR) associated with degenerative MV disease, and the functional benefits of early surgery are known. Our goal was to evaluate the changes in LV shape following MV repair, using a new method based on real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE). Fifty patients with severe asymptomatic MR were enrolled. Transthoracic RT3DE imaging...
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