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Most poxviruses encode a homolog of a ~200,000-kDa membrane protein originally identified in variola virus. We investigated the importance of the ectromelia virus (ECTV) homolog C15 in a natural infection model. In cultured mouse cells, the replication of a mutant virus with stop codons near the N-terminus (ECTV-C15Stop) was indistinguishable from a control virus (ECTV-C15Rev). However, for a range...
Vaccinia virus, the prototype member of the poxvirus family, assembles two related infectious forms: the mature virion (MV) and the enveloped virion (EV). The MV consists of a core surrounded by a lipoprotein membrane. The EV is essentially an MV with an additional antigenically distinct outer membrane that must be disrupted prior to or during entry. Entry of the MV occurs by fusion of the lipoprotein...
The split green fluorescent protein (GFP) system was adapted for investigation of the topology of ER‐associated proteins. A 215‐amino acid fragment of GFP (S1–10) was expressed in the cytoplasm as a free protein or fused to the N‐terminus of calnexin and in the ER as an intraluminal protein or fused to the C‐terminus of calnexin. A 16‐amino acid fragment of GFP (S11) was fused to the N‐ or C‐terminus...
The vaccinia virus entry–fusion complex (EFC) consists of 10 to 12 proteins that are embedded in the viral membrane and individually required for fusion with the cell and entry of the core into the cytoplasm. The architecture of the EFC is unknown except for information regarding two pair-wise interactions: A28 with H2 and A16 with G9. Here we used a technique to destabilize the EFC by repressing...
The vaccinia virus A43R open reading frame encodes a 168-amino acid protein with a predicted N-terminal signal sequence and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. Although A43R is conserved in all sequenced members of the orthopoxvirus genus, no non-orthopoxvirus homolog or functional motif was recognized. Biochemical and confocal microscopic studies indicated that A43 is expressed at late times following...
D13 protein trimers, which form an external lattice providing curvature to the membrane of vaccinia virus immature virions, are the target of the drug rifampicin. We obtained 63 rifampicin-resistant mutants following random PCR mutagenesis of the D13L gene and 5 that arose spontaneously. Sequencing indicated that 26 mutants contained a single, unique, amino acid substitution whereas others contained...
The protein content of vaccinia virus mature virions, purified by rate zonal and isopycnic centrifugations and solubilized by SDS or a solution of urea and thiourea, was determined by the accurate mass and time tag technology which uses both tandem mass spectrometry and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to detect tryptic peptides separated by high-resolution liquid chromatography...
We developed a procedure for isolation of recombinant vaccinia viruses (re-VV) based solely on plaque formation, without a requirement for specific cell lines, selective medium or special staining. The system consists of two components: (i) a mutant non-plaque-forming VV and (ii) a plasmid vector that, through homologous recombination, can simultaneously introduce a foreign gene and repair the mutation...
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