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Accurately modeling stationary battery storage behavior is crucial to pursuing cost-effective distributed energy resource opportunities. In this paper, a lithium-ion battery model was derived for building-integrated battery use cases. The proposed battery model aims to balance speed and accuracy when modeling battery behavior for real-time predictive control and optimization. To achieve these goals,...
This paper presents a control strategy to maximize fuel economy of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle over a target life of the battery. Many approaches to maximizing fuel economy of parallel hybrid electric vehicle do not consider the effect of control strategy on the life of the battery. This leads to an oversized and underutilized battery. There is a trade-off between how aggressively to use and...
Predictive models of Li-ion battery lifetime must consider a multiplicity of electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical degradation modes experienced by batteries in application environments. To complicate matters, Li-ion batteries can experience different degradation trajectories that depend on storage and cycling history of the application environment. Rates of degradation are controlled by factors...
Temperature is one of the main factors that control the degradation in lithium ion batteries. Accurate knowledge and control of cell temperatures in a pack helps the battery management system to maximize cell utilization and ensure pack safety and service life. In a pack with arrays of cells, a cell's temperature is not only affected by its own thermal characteristics but also by its neighbors, the...
Valve Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) batteries can degrade due to a variety of mechanisms, including corrosion, hard sulfation, water loss, shedding, and active mass degradation. VRLA batteries are designed to minimize these effects as much as possible but the operating environment, cell-to-cell and battery-to-battery manufacturing variations, and use can cause different degradation mechanisms to dominate...
First principles battery models, consisting of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations, are often difficult to discretize and reduce in order so that they can be used by systems engineers for design, estimation, prediction, and management. In this paper, six methods are used to discretize a benchmark electrolyte diffusion problem and their time and frequency response accuracy is determined...
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