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The paper reports the proof-of-principle experimental quantum-enhanced phase estimation. The measurement is based on specifically designed two-photon states that maximize the amount of information about the detected phase in the presence of loss.
We present the first complete characterization of a heralded two-photon N00N state in the presence of losses, including the one-photon and vacuum components. Reconstruction shows large vacuum and one-photon components resulting from loss.
Coordinate-space photon wave functions and their quantum-mechanical wave equations are presented. We show that two-time, two-photon wave functions are equivalent to two-photon detection amplitudes of quantum optics. Analogy to second-order coherence tensors is made.
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