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Recently, several groups worldwide have proposed that the APNP driven by short pulses have several advantages over the traditional discharge driven by kHz voltages, including higher energy efficiency for ozone synthesis and UV power output, relative easier to generate diffuse plasma, better power transfer efficiency to the plasma and so on[1–2]. It is generally assumed that short pulses have a short...
Molecular ionization by femtosecond light pulses is fascinating phenomena in terms of both the underlying physics and practical implications to selective control of isomerization and fragmentation pathway(s) through the shape of the optical waveform. Triggered by optical field ionization, the outcome of the complex electronic and subsequent nuclear dynamics leading to fragmentation is to a large extent...
Recently, selective fragmentation of polyatomic molecules using the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of few-cycle ionizing laser pulses as the control parameter [1] has been demonstrated [2]. It was shown that the underlying mechanism is selective removal of specific (inner-valence shell) electrons, which puts the molecule into a dedicated dissociative electronic state from which the molecule then fragments...
High-order functions are the sole elements in a class of recursive functions. The functions are related to each other through application, i.e., applying a function to an argument yields a value where the argument and the value are also functions. Through Froglingo, a language that exactly takes advantage of high-order functions and their properties, we introduce the method of representing business...
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