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The magnetic phase transitions for Gd(0001) grown on W(110) – a bulk transition at 293K and a surface transition about 85K above this – are found to influence the energy separation of the Gd 5s and 4s core-photoelectron doublets. The 5s doublet separation ΔE 5s changes over a range of temperatures spanning these transitions, and decreases by a maximum of 60meV in this region, but then recovers...
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