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Seventeen trace elements in 24 coals from worldwide deposits of differing ranks and sulfur contents were determined with the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and flow injection (FI) ICP-MS. By examining multiple correlations between each trace element and three major elements, calcium, aluminum, and iron,...
Transformation of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) in low rank coals during gasification was examined by combining computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Two sub-bituminous coals were pyrolyzed at 1500°C using a drop tube furnace, and the resultant chars were then gasified in CO 2 atmosphere at...
Integration of coal gasification and CO 2 separation reactions in one reactor may produce a high concentration of hydrogen. To design a reactor for this new reaction system, it is necessary to know all reaction behaviors in the integrated reaction system. In our previous study, we performed a continuous reaction experiment of coal/CaO under high steam pressure and confirmed that H 2 ...
Coal/CaO powder mixtures were continuously supplied into a reactor to react with steam at high pressure and high temperature. At 923 K and 5.0 MPa, the gas produced from the reaction of Taiheiyo coal/CaO with steam consisted of mainly H 2 , with smaller amounts of CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 and CO 2 . Increasing the pressure enhanced H 2 ...
A new hydrogen production method, the HyPr-RING process was applied to a vacuum residue of Arabian light crude oil to clarify the effects of added water, calcium hydroxide, which absorbs carbon dioxide, and the reaction temperature. It was determined that when a sufficient amount of calcium hydroxide was present, it provided enough water to produce hydrogen and additional water was not necessary....
Hydrogen generation during the reaction of a coal/CaO mixture with high pressure steam was investigated using a flow-type reactor. Coal, CaO and CO reactions with steam, and CO 2 absorption by Ca(OH) 2 or CaO occurred simultaneously in the experiment. It was found that H 2 was the primary resultant gas, comprising about 85% of the reaction products. CO 2 was fixed into...
Semi-empirical PM3 molecular orbital calculations have been used to investigate the reaction pathways of pyrolysis of pyridine. All the transition states and intermediates of the reaction path were optimized. The probable pathways are estimated from the activation energies calculated and compared with known experimental results. The heats of formation of pyridine radicals are calculated to be 76.1,...
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