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OpenFlow is a popular network architecture where a logically centralized controller (the control plane) is physically decoupled from all forwarding switches (the data plane). Through this controller, the OpenFlow framework enables flow level granularity in switches thereby providing monitoring and control over each individual flow. Among other things, this architecture comes at the cost of placing...
This paper examines the implementation of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for obtaining the phase angle information of three-phase grid. The paper compares techniques previously employed to implement the PLL and provides their merits and demerits. A bang-bang type PLL has been designed and implemented in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) so as to ensure that the PLL continues to function during severe grid...
Internet routers and Ethernet switches contain packet buffers to hold packets during times of congestion. Packet buffers are at the heart of every packet switch and router, which have a combined annual market of tens of billions of dollars, and equipment vendors spend hundreds of millions of dollars on memory each year. Designing packet buffers used to be easy: DRAM was cheap, low power and widely...
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