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A flow injection analysis system (FIA) for the simultaneous determination of salinity, carbonate and ammoniacal nitrogen has been developed and reported in this paper. FIA incorporating membrane units was used, not only for the separation of the gaseous carbon dioxide and ammonia, but also for on-line dilution in the salinity measurement. The sample was injected via a 10-port valve with two sample...
This work reports a novel method for in situ measurement of binding of cobalt ions to polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyethyleneimine-functionalized poly (methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles (PEI-NPs) using simple microfluidics with a chemiluminescence detection system. The catalytic effect of free cobalt ion in solution on the luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence was employed for the detection...
In flow analysis, such as flow injection analysis, liquid lens is formed at the boundary between two adjacent liquid media which have different refractive indices. Light refraction at the liquid interface gives the so-called ‘schlieren signal’. Schlieren effect is both concentration-dependent and temperature-dependent. In this work, the schlieren signal from temperature difference was quantitatively...
Herein, we propose a new approach for selective determination of carbofuran (CBF) in vegetables, based on a simple flow-injection system using a molecularly-imprinted amperometric sensor. The sensor design is based on a carbon-paste electrode decorated with carbon nanotubes and gold-coated magnetite (CNTs-Fe3O4@Au/CPE) coated with a molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP) for CBF sensing. The MIP was...
Use of membraneless vaporization (MBL-VP) unit with two cone-shaped reservoirs is presented for on-line separation and detection of non-volatile species. A flow system comprising two sets of MBL-VP units with a single in-house capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C4D) was developed for dual determination of ammonium and sulfide ions. Using the continuous-flow section, two zones...
A simple and rapid method for measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was developed. In this work, gallic acid was used as the antioxidant standard. Poly(vinyl alcohol) embedded silver nanoparticles (PVA-AgNPs) were employed as a colorimetric sensor. The detection principle was based on the seed-mediated nanoparticle growth technique. The PVA-AgNPs act as a catalyst in the reduction of Ag+...
We report a novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on a carbon nanotube (CNTs)–poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) (PDDA)–platinum nanoparticle (PtNPs) modified carbon-paste electrode (CNTs–PDDA–PtNPs/CPE). The CNTs–PDDA–PtNPs composite materials were characterized by TEM and electrochemical techniques. Cyclic voltammetric results reveal direct electron...
This work presents a simple hot embossing method with a shrinking procedure to produce cross-shape microchannels on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate for the fabrication of an electrophoresis chip. The proposed method employed a simple two-step hot embossing technique, carried out consecutively on the same piece of substrate to make the crossing channels. Studies of embossing conditions,...
An automated stopped-in-loop flow analysis (SILFA) system is proposed for the successive catalytic determination of vanadium and iron. The determination of vanadium was based on the p-anisidine oxidation by potassium bromate in the presence of Tiron as an activator to form a reddish dye, which has an absorption maximum at 510nm. The selectivity of the vanadium determination was greatly improved by...
A new approach is presented for sensitive and selective measurement of sulfite (SO32−) in beverages based on a simple flow injection system with amperometric detection. In this work, the sulfite sensor was a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes–poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)–gold nanoparticles composites (CNTs–PDDA–AuNPs/GC). Electrochemical oxidation of sulfite...
In this work, the automation of a catalytic spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdenum is presented. For this purpose, a multisyringe flow injection system was coupled to an integrated microconduit that we have called “chip”. Reagents and sample were simultaneously dispensed to the chip where complete mixing, heating, and measurement were carried out. The spectrophotometric method...
This work presents the simultaneous determination of sucrose and phosphate by using sequential injection (SI) system with a low cost paired emitter-detector diode (PEDD) light sensor. The PEDD uses two 890nm LEDs. Measurement of sucrose in Brix unit was carried out based on the detection of light refraction occurring at the liquid interface (the schlieren effect) between the sucrose solution and water...
This work presents a new flow injection strategy, called ‘cross injection analysis’ or CIA, an alternative cost-effective approach in flow analysis. The flow platform is made from a rectangular acrylic block, approximately 5×3×1.5cm (x×y×z), with crossing cylindrical channels drilled out along the x- and y-axis of the block. The outlet from the single x-axis channel is connected to a detector flow...
A new four-channel simultaneous injection effective mixing flow analysis (SIEMA) system has been assembled for the determination of urinary albumin. The SIEMA system consisted of a syringe pump, two 5-way cross connectors, four holding coils, five 3-way solenoid valves, a 50-cm long mixing coil and a spectrophotometer. Tetrabromophenol blue anion (TBPB) in Triton X-100 micelle reacted with albumin...
This work investigated the repeatability of column preparation for a reversed-phase C18 monolith, namely stearyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (SMA-EDMA). The columns were thermally polymerised using three commonly available heating devices (GC oven, hot air oven and water bath) and their chromatographic performance evaluated using micro-liquid chromatography for separation of five...
In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoarrays in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO–CNTs) nanopore is integrated on a microfluidic flow injection system for in-channel electrochemical detection of iodide. The device was fabricated from PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microchannel bonded on glass substrates that contains three-electrode electrochemical system, including AAO–CNTs as a working electrode, silver...
This work presents a flow analysis method for direct quantitation of calcium carbonate in cement without pretreatment of the sample. The method is based on online vaporization of CO 2 gas following acidification of the sample inside a small chamber that has a flow of acceptor solution passing around it. Solubilization of the CO 2 gas into the acceptor stream changes the conductivity...
A novel simple, sensitive and rapid kinetic-spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of trace amounts of bromide. The method is based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of methylene blue (MB) by hydrogen peroxide in strongly acidic solution. The oxidation reaction is activated by large amounts of chloride and can be monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease...
A reverse flow injection method (rFIA) based on the Winkler titration chemistry, is reported for the determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) in natural waters. Manganese(II) sulfate is injected into a continuously flowing stream of sample and subsequently merges with a reagent stream of sodium hydroxide and sodium iodide. Manganese(II) hydroxide that is formed reacts with DO in the sample to form an...
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