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Without the applicable methods of forecasting the outbreak of debris flows in a wide area as well as long time, wireless sensor networks (WSN) of monitoring debris flow are essential for protecting safety and property of human. In nowadays, a common and key consideration of the network would be the energy efficiency, since both of the soil moisture (SM) sensor and the radio are power-hungry, meanwhile,...
Collaborative beamforming is a transmission technique by using multiple transmitters to form antenna arrays and creating highly directional beams to a distant receiver. Collaborative beamforming can enhance energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. However, the same information needs to be shared among the transmitters in advance. As a result, communication among the transmitters is required;...
Energy conservation is essential in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because of limited energy in batteries. Collaborative beamforming uses multiple transmitters to form antenna arrays; the electromagnetic waves from these antenna arrays can create constructive interferences at the receiver and increase the transmission distance. Each transmitter can use lower power and save energy, since the energy...
Reducing energy consumption is critical for wireless sensor networks. The dominant factor is the energy for data transmission. Collaborative beamforming can save transmission energy by improving the directivity of electromagnetic waves so that the signal at the receiver is stronger. Compared with a single transmitter, collaborative beamforming spreads the long distance transmission energy over multiple...
The stability of energy supply, sustainability of energy economy and safety of energy utilization were applied as fundamental aspects for building an index system in this paper to evaluate the risk of energy security in China. The Delphi method and the principal components analyzing method were used, and ten essential indexes, such as energy consumption elastic index, proportion of clean energy consumption,...
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