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The estimation of electrical losses is a basic requirement for motor design based on efficiency optimization. A utility and accurate electrical loss calculation method for induction motors utilizing 2-D finite element analysis is proposed in this paper. The stator copper losses are directly calculated on the basis of Joule's Law; the rotor copper losses are expressed as the integration of current...
An efficient and practical method for the construction of 2-aryl- and 2-alkyl-substituted benzothiazoles via a copper-catalyzed redox condensation process between benzothiazoles and aldehydes or benzylic alcohols has been developed. The reaction proceeded under mild reaction conditions using environmentally benign tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. A reaction mechanism involving the ring-opening...
To keep pursuing the chip resistance capacitance (RC) delay improvement, it is necessary to further reduce k value. Accordingly, direct polished porous type ultra-low-k (ULK) film instead of non-porous low-k materials is integrated into Cu interconnects from 45 nm. However, because of the ULK characteristics and the minimized feature size, the time-to-break-down (TDDB) failure mode behaves different...
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