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This paper estimates how the capital structure of a company influences its stock price. To raise corporate valuation, which is better for the company, using equity capital or liabilities? To answer this question, we estimated the optimal amount of liabilities in terms of tax benefit. Then we analyzed how the gap between the optimal amount and the actual amount of liabilities influences stock price.
This article considers tour route planning problems to find an optimal tour route in sightseeing. Tour routes are optimized in terms of two types of criteria. The first optimization criterion is to maximize the sum of values of places a tourist visits, namely, the sum of the values of sightseeing spots, restaurants and hotels. The second optimization criterion is to minimize the tiredness caused by...
This paper proposes a personal tour planning problem incorporating general tour routes and tourists satisfactions for sightseeing places based on some purposes of tourism. In order to construct a tour route, time-dependent satisfactions, traveling and activity duration times for sightseeing should be considered, but it is difficult to represent the time-dependent model using general static network...
This paper proposes a personal tour planning problem with uncertain traveling times and satisfaction values of sightseeing places dependent on sightseeing. Since traveling times are dependent on the time of day, it is difficult to represent this uncertain model using the general static network model. In this paper, Time-Expanded Network (TEN), which contains a copy to the set of nodes in the underlying...
This paper proposes a route planning problem for sightseeing with fuzzy random variables based on constraints of required traveling times and satisfactions of the total sightseeing activity. In general, traveling times among sightseeing places and the satisfactions of activities depend on weather and climate conditions. Tourists will like to do their favorable route planning without drastically changing...
This paper develops a new constructing approach of an appropriate membership function to integrate a given probability density function and fuzzy Shannon entropy extending the statistical theory into the heuristic method based on the human cognitive behavior and subjectivity. The proposed approach is formulated as a more general mathematical programming problem than previous approaches due to using...
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