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High efficiency simple blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) without any electron injection layer were developed using a spirobifluorene-based phosphine oxide (SPPO13) as a host material in the emitting layer. A high quantum efficiency of 20.3% was obtained from the SPPO13 device, with a common device structure and quantum efficiency of 19% achieved in the simple blue device...
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