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This paper studies slow-to-start effect in two-dimensional Biham–Middleton–Levine (BML) traffic flow model with traffic light periods T=2τ. In most cases, the model exhibits free flow, jam, and phase separation phenomenon. Nevertheless, when the slow-to-start parameter p=0, and traffic light parameter τ=3 or 5, it is found that phase separation phenomenon does not occur. We have explained this via...
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