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Realistic representation of sea ice in ocean models involves the use of a non-linear free-surface, a real freshwater flux and observance of requisite conservation laws. We show here that these properties can be achieved in practice through use of a rescaled vertical coordinate “z∗” in z-coordinate models that allows one to follow undulations in the free-surface under sea ice loading. In particular,...
In height coordinate ocean models, natural conservation of tracers (temperature, salinity or any passive tracer) requires that the thickness of the surface cell varies with the free-surface displacement, leading to a non-linear free-surface formulation (NLFS). However, NLFS does not guarantee exact conservation unless special care is taken in the implementation, and in particular the time stepping...
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