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To reveal the influence of hydrogen on the characteristics of defect-free titanium alloy welded joints, the effects of hydrogen addition on the precipitation behavior in the hydrogenated 0.12 wt.%H weld zone of Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloy argon-arc-welded joints have been investigated. The results showed that lamellar δ-hydride (face-centered cubic) could only precipitate from α-lamellae, but not from the...
Liquid lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) can serve as a heat transfer fluid for advanced nuclear applications as well as concentrated solar power but poses corrosion challenges for the structural materials at elevated temperatures. Oxide passivation of the surfaces of these materials during exposure to liquid LBE can inhibit such material degradation. In this study, transmission electron microscopy of oxides...
A batch of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (at.%) rods (diameter 15 mm, height 70 mm) has been additively manufactured by selective electron beam melting (SEBM), and a detailed assessment made of their chemical composition, density before and after hot isostatic pressing, microstructure, and tensile properties. The microstructure of the SEBM Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb in as-built condition was composed of fine equiaxed grains...
Since the advent in 2004, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been attracting a great deal of research interest worldwide. Being deemed as a major paradigmatic shift, the design of HEAs without base elements poses challenges to the existing thermodynamic models and theories that were long established for traditional alloys, one of which is related to the thermodynamic mechanisms for the formation of random...
Oil–gas separation is a key process in an aero-engine lubrication system. This study reports an innovative development in oil–gas separation. A honeycomb-structured rotor with hexagonal cone-shaped pore channels has been designed, additively manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V using selective electron beam melting (SEBM) and assessed for oil–gas separation for aero-engine application. The Ti-6Al-4V honeycomb...
Cast stainless steels (CASSs) have been extensively used for the large components of light water reactor (LWR) power plants such as primary coolant piping and pump casing. The thermal embrittlement of CASS components is one of the most serious concerns related to the extended-term operation of nuclear power plants. Many past researches have concluded that the formation of Cr-rich α′-phase by Spinodal...
Life extension of light water reactors will expose austenitic internal core components to irradiation damage levels beyond 100 displacements per atom (dpa), leading to profound microstructural evolution and consequent degradation of macroscopic properties. Microstructural evolution, including Frank loops, cavities, precipitates, and segregation at boundaries and the resultant radiation hardening in...
An advantage of the powder-bed-based metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes is that the powder can be reused. The powder reuse or recycling times directly affect the affordability of the additively manufactured parts, especially for the AM of titanium parts. This study examines the influence of powder reuse times on the characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V powder, including powder composition, particle...
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys provide numerous benefits as lightweight materials; however, industrial deployment of Mg in most instances requires anticorrosion coatings. Engineering the Mg surface is an area that has been undergoing intense research recently. Surface engineering commences with the “pretreatment” step, which can be used to modify the surface composition and morphology, resulting in...
Heterogeneous deformation, including local dislocation shear activity and lattice rotation, was analyzed in microstructure patches of polycrystalline commercial purity titanium specimens using three different experimental methods. The measurements were compared with crystal plasticity finite element simulations for the same region that incorporate a local phenomenological hardening constitutive model...
Heterogeneous strain was analyzed in polycrystalline, commercial-purity titanium using many experimental techniques that provide information about microstructure, dislocation arrangement, grain orientation, orientation gradients, surface topography, and local strain gradients. The recrystallized microstructure with 50–200 µm grains was extensively characterized before and after deformation using 4-point...
Osseointegrated dental implants are used to replace missing teeth. The success of implants is due to osseointegration or the direct contact of the implant surface and bone without a fibrous connective tissue interface. This review discusses the enhancement of osseointegration by means of anodized microporous titanium surfaces, functionally macroporous graded titanium coatings, nanoscale titanium surfaces,...
Sputter-deposited, equiatomic PtMn thin films have application in giant magnetoresistive spin valves, tunneling magnetoresistive spin valves, and magnetic random access memory. However, the as-deposited films are found to be a disordered A1 phase in a paramagnetic state rather than an antiferromagnetic phase with L10 structure, which is needed for device operation. Therefore, a postannealing step...
Bioactive coatings are currently being plasma-sprayed on implant surfaces in order to optimize bone-implant interactions. However, there are problems with the existing coating process, such as poor interfacial adhesion strength, alteration of coating properties, and the lack of an existing coating standard. To overcome some of the problems with the existing plasma-spraying process, investigators are...
Market-driven industrial recycling can only be optimized if recycling companies adopt a comprehensive overview and are able to combine and integrate economics with the system engineering of interconnected recycling systems. To succeed in this endeavor, the companies require detailed knowledge of the interaction between the process/quality control, physics, and chemistry of separation technology, and...
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