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Electric agglomeration is a useful method to improve fly-ash particle collection efficiency in traditional electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) by increasing particle diameter and achieving particle pre-charging. In this study, a laboratory agglomerator, which consisted of a pre-charging region and a static mixer, was designed and tested for fine particle agglomeration. The pre-charging provided both...
This study proposed a sequential and coupling method to determine the comprehensive kinetic models for pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Isoconversional method was employed to find the correlation between activation energy and conversion rate. Cellulose pyrolysis could be interpreted by one-step global reaction model, while pyrolysis of hemicellulose and lignin could be divided into...
Anti-wear beams installed on water walls of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers are one method to protect against water wall wear. Beam effects from superficial gas velocity, solid suspension density, bed material size and beam size were investigated on water wall wear in a CFB test rig experimentally using a measurement system consisting of thin-film resistor sensors and high-precision resistance...
This study investigates the release and migration of potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl) in micro-spatial distribution during rice straw pyrolysis in a lab-scale reactor at temperatures from 300°C to 900°C. The K and Cl enrichment region and the morphology of K- and Cl-rich particles in rice straw and char obtained after pyrolysis was clearly revealed for the first time in this field of research. Scanning...
The distilled fraction of bio-oil can be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons via co-cracking with ethanol over the catalyst of Hydrogen Zeolite Socony Mobile-Five (HZSM-5). To further improve the selectivity of aromatics, the influences of different metal oxides loaded onto HZSM-5 were investigated and a range of model compounds were selected and mixed to simulate the distilled fraction of bio-oil...
Acids, aldehydes, and phenols have negative effects on the properties of bio-oil. In this paper, n-butanal, acetic acid, and phenol were selected as model compounds of aldehydes, acids, and phenols, respectively. To convert these compounds into stable and combustible oxygenated organics (alcohols and esters), separate hydrogenation–esterification (SHE) of n-butanal, phenol, and acetic acid was carried...
A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of biofuel production from corn stover fast pyrolysis and subsequent hydrotreating and hydrocracking was conducted based on the Greenhouse gases Regulated Emissions and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model. Three different cases were investigated as a result of different hydrogen treatment in bio-oil upgrading process. Environmental impacts such as non-renewable...
The effects of the pressure and temperature on the fusibility of coal ash during combustion and gasification were investigated. Experimentation was conducted using a high pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (HPTGA) apparatus. In order to observe the conversion of minerals with changing temperature and pressure in different atmospheres, the resulting ash samples were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometry...
In order to obtain a detailed understanding of the effect of reaction atmospheres on the sintering temperature of coal ash under elevated pressure (0.7–1.0MPa), a series of experiments have been conducted on the pressurized pressure-drop measuring device, together with analyses using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analyzer. The results show that the sintering temperatures decrease under the single gas...
The effects of reaction conditions, including the initial hydrogen pressures (0.5MPa, 2.0MPa), the mass ratios of ethanol to bio-oil (5:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1) and reaction temperatures (260°C, 280°C, 300°C) on catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil were investigated in this work. Experiments were carried out in supercritical ethanol with bifunctional 5%Pt/SO42-/ZrO2/SBA-15 catalyst. The physical...
The sintering temperature of coal ash is studied to further understand ash behavior. The objective of this study is to obtain a detailed understanding of the effect of the reaction atmospheres on the sintering temperature under elevated pressure. A series of experiments and analyses have been completed using a pressurized pressure-drop measuring device and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analyzer. The...
Removal of NO x (namely DeNO x ) from simulated flue gas with direct current (d.c.) corona radical shower system was investigated. Steady streamer coronas occur when the flow rates of the fed gases are adjusted properly. The experimental results show that both the composition and the flow rate of the gas fed into the nozzles influence the V-I characteristic of corona discharge. The...
This paper researches on the reduction of NO x (DeNO x ) from wet flue gas by a DC corona radical shower system. The experimental results show that the water vapor in the flue gas not only reduces the corona but also reduces the discharge current. The DeNO x efficiency and the quantity of NO x removal per unit energy can be enhanced by raising the concentration of water...
This research was intent for finding relationships among physical and/or chemical properties of sorbents and their sulfur capture capability at a fluidized bed condition. Three limestones and two seashells were chosen as a SO 2 sorbent. Characteristics of sorbents were evaluated based on atomic absorption spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and mercury-penetration porosimeter analyses...
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