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Transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells c4 (NFATc4) is the best-characterized target for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Aberrant microRNA-29 (miR-29) expression is involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis and congestive heart failure. However, whether miR-29 regulates hypertrophic processes is still not clear. In this study, we investigated the potential functions...
Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) is the major determinant of endothelial cell contact integrity and is required in vascular development and angiogenesis. Serum response factor (SRF) plays essential roles in postnatal retinal angiogenesis and adult neovascularization. It is unclear whether transcription of VE-cadherin is mediated by a SRF co-activator, myocardin-related transcription factor-A...
Hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes in response to pressure overload is an important stage during the development of many cardiac diseases. Ca 2+ overload as well as subsequent activation of Ca 2+ signaling pathways has been reported to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Myocardin, a transcription cofactor of serum response factor (SRF), is a key transducer of hypertrophic signals. However,...
Epithelial β-defensins are broad-spectrum cationic antimicrobial peptides that also act as chemokines for adaptive immune cells. In the human genome, all known defensin genes cluster to a <1 Mb region of chromosome 8p22-p23. To identify new defensin genes, the DNA sequence from a contig of large-insert genomic clones from the region containing human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) was analyzed for the presence...
We cloned a second human β-defensin gene, HBD-2, and determined its gene structure and expression in inflamed tissue sections. The entire gene spanned about 2kb with two small exons and one intron. Radiation hybrid studies confirmed the location on chromosome 8p, were consistent with the order HNP-1, HBD-1 and HBD-2, and located HBD-2 as the most centromeric of the genes. By three-color fluorescence...
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