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A new combined method for the pre-extraction of essential oils (EOs) and the uniformly dispersion of alkaline earth metal oxide (AEMO) on pine sawdust (PS) was investigated. EOs were firstly extracted from PS after mixing with a certain amount of AEMO through steam distillation (SD), and then the pretreated PS was utilized in the process of fast pyrolysis to produce the upgraded bio-oil. A maximum...
This paper presents a theoretical model on the payback period of a subcritical ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system for recovering low-grade waste heat of flue gas. Based on the minimum payback period principle, a detailed internal parameter optimization is carried out. Furthermore, the influences of external parameters on the payback period are analyzed and a new criterion of screening working fluids...
A multi-objective function F(X) by the incorporation of single-objective functions, i.e., net power output Wnet, exergy drop of the exhaust gas from inlet to outlet ΔEg, total exergy destruction rate I and system total cost C2013, has been put forward as the subcritical organic Rankine cycle (ORC) performance indicator and solved with the method of linear weighted evaluation function. The optimization...
The performance of the ORC (organic Rankine cycle) systems using zeotropic mixtures as working fluids for recovering waste heat of flue gas from industrial boiler is examined on the basis of thermodynamics and thermo-economics under different operating conditions. In order to explore the potential of the mixtures as the working fluids in the ORC, the effects of various mixtures with different components...
In this paper, a novel power/refrigerating combined-system driven by the low-grade waste heat of the flue gas was introduced. It coupled a transcritical organic Rankine cycle with a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. In order to understand basic characteristics of this novel combined-system, a detailed performance analysis was performed. Results show that the turbine inlet pressure, flue gas inlet...
This paper presents an economical evaluation and parametric optimization on subcritical ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system for recovering the low-temperature waste heat of flue gas which is released from industrial boilers. First, the effects of the PPTD (pinch point temperature difference) in evaporator and condenser, and evaporating temperature on the system performance are examined with the EPC...
This paper presented the analysis on the influence of the pinch point temperature difference (PPTD) and the evaporation temperature on the performance of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) in recovering the low temperature waste heat of the flue gas. Both the net power output and the heat transfer area of the evaporator and condenser were evaluated for dry and isentropic working fluids. When the heat and...
Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a promising technology for converting low-grade waste heat into the electricity. This paper carries out an exergoeconomic analysis and performance optimization of a condenser for a binary mixture of vapors in the ORC system. In this model, the exergy loss due to heat transfer between a binary mixture of vapors and the cold fluid is taken into account and other exergy...
The exergy transfer characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer inside a circular duct under fully developed laminar and turbulent forced convection are presented. Temperature is kept constant at the duct wall. The exergy transfer Nusselt number is put forward and the analytical expressions for exergy transfer Nusselt number are obtained as functions of heat transfer Nusselt number, Reynolds number,...
In this paper, exergy transfer effectiveness is defined to describe the performance of heat exchangers operating above/below the surrounding temperature with/without finite pressure drop. It is discussed systemically that the effects of heat transfer units number, the ratio of the heat capacity of cold fluids to that of hot fluids and flow patterns on exergy transfer effectiveness of heat exchangers...
The examination of exergy transfer characteristics caused by forced convective heat transfer through a duct with constant wall heat flux for thermally and hydrodynamic fully developed laminar and turbulent flows has been presented. The exergy transfer Nusselt number is put forward and the dependence relationships of the exergy transfer Nusselt number on the heat transfer Nusselt number, Reynolds number...
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