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The present study reports the design of a novel bioanode to deeply oxidize glucose in an enzymatic biofuel cell (EFC). This enzymatic glucose cell utilizes three co‐immobilized enzymes: NAD‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), NAD(P)+‐dependent gluconate‐5‐dehydrogenase (Ga5DH), and diaphorase (DI). Glucose is oxidized to gluconate by NAD‐dependent GDH, gaining two electrons per glucose; the gluconate...
The pattern of genome transcription in prokaryotes is determined by selective distribution of RNA polymerase within the genome. The gene selectivity of RNA polymerase is modulated after interaction with DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs). Escherichia coli contains a total of about 300 TFs, but the regulatory function has not yet been identified for about one third. For quick and systematic search...
Escherichia coli adapts to changes in external environment by selective transcription of a total of about 4,400 genes on its genome. In each case of the adaptation, the expression of a specific set of stress-response genes is controlled mainly at the step of transcription initiation by selective recognition of the promoters by the RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase core enzyme binds to one of seven...
Endothelial cells (ECs) release ATP in response to shear stress, a mechanical force generated by blood flow, and the ATP released modulates EC functions through activation of purinoceptors. The molecular mechanism of the shear-stress-induced ATP release, however, has not been fully understood. In this study, we have demonstrated that cell-surface ATP synthase is involved in shear stress-induced ATP...
Fluorescent nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have been applied to a wide range of biological studies by taking advantage of their fluorescence properties. Here we show that QDs conjugated with antibody against neutrophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO). We designed a novel method to conjugate QDs to antibody without losing any antibody function including their antigen recognizing and Fc-receptor binding...
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