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Text based pictures called text art are often used in Web pages, email text and so on. They enrich expression in text data, but they can be noise for handling the text data. For example, they can be obstacle for text-to-speech software and natural language processing. Text art extraction methods, which detects the area of text art in a given text data, help to solve such problems. Previously proposed...
Identification, analysis, and treatment of potential risk in surgical workflow are the key to decrease medical errors in operating room. For the automatic analysis of recorded surgical information, this study reports multichannel audio visual recording system, and its review and analysis system. Motion in operating room is quantified using video file size without motion tracking. Conversation among...
This paper proposes a probability weighted ARX (PrARX) model wherein the multiple ARX models are composed by the probabilistic weighting functions. As the probabilistic weighting function, a `softmax' function is introduced. Then, the parameter estimation problem for the proposed model is formulated as a single optimization problem. Furthermore, the identified PrARX model can be easily transformed...
This paper illuminates widening variety of technology assessment (TA) activities by parliamentary organizations and other bodies in the United States and Europe. It also illustrates a range of institutional options for TA from the view of its key elements, and examines the operational issues. Based on extensive interviews with TA practitioners and other related actors, we identified the recent direction...
In recent years there has been an ever increasing amount of research and development of technologies and methods to improve the quality and the performance of advanced surgery. In other fields several training methods and metrics have been proposed, both to improve the surgeon's abilities and also to assess her/his skills. For neurosurgery, however, the extremely small movements and sizes involved...
This paper presents feedback control laws for pursuing and catching a fly ball by taking Chapman's hypothesis into the closed-loop system connecting perceptions and actions. Through the analysis of the closed-loop system, we make it clear that the hypothetical trajectory Chapman showed is a special dynamic solution of the closed-loop system. Moreover, using a motion-analyzing technique over a finite...
This paper presents a new hierarchical segmentation of the observed driving behavioral data based on the multiple levels of abstraction of the underlying dynamics. By synthesizing the ideas of a feature vector definition revealing the dynamical characteristics and an unsupervised clustering technique, the hierarchical segmentation is achieved. The identified mode can be regarded as a kind of symbol...
Text based pictures called text art are often used in Web pages, email text and so on. They delight us, but they can be noise for handling the text data. For example, they can be obstacle for text-to-speech software and natural language processing. Such problems will be solved by text art extraction methods which detects the area of text art in a given text data, and text art extraction methods can...
Since 1981, the conventional ATC (automatic train control) system has been used on the Yamanote and Keihin-Tohoku Lines, which are the most crowded commuter routes in Tokyo. The conventional ATC is a ground oriented system with cumbersome wayside equipment. Therefore, they have several problems and an obstacle to improvements in transportation service. The D-ATC system with on-board intelligence was...
In this paper, we explore ways to combine boundary information and region segmentation to estimate regions corresponding to foreground objects. Boundary information is used to generate an object likelihood image which encodes the likelihood that each pixel belongs to a foreground object. This is done by combining evidence gathered from a large number of boundary fragments on training images by exploiting...
We propose a new method of approximating mutual information based on maximum likelihood estimation of a density ratio function. The proposed method, Maximum Likelihood Mutual Information (MLMI), possesses useful properties, e.g., it does not involve density estimation, the global optimal solution can be efficiently computed, it has suitable convergence properties, and model selection criteria are...
To realize the harmonious cooperation with the operator, the man-machine cooperative system must be designed so as to accommodate with the characteristics of the operator's skill. One of the important considerations in the skill analysis is to investigate the switching mechanism underlying the skill dynamics. On the other hand, the combination of the feedforward and feedback schemes has been proved...
This paper proposes a probability weighted ARX (PrARX) model wherein the multiple ARX models are composed by the probabilistic weighting functions. As the probabilistic weighting function, a `softmax' function is introduced. Then, the parameter estimation problem for the proposed model is formulated as a single optimization problem. Furthermore, the identified PrARX model can be easily transformed...
This paper describes a low-cost and flexible vegetation monitoring system and compares it with traditional remote sensing systems such as airplanes and satellites. We have developed a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with visible and infrared cameras for vegetation observation. This system can automatically generate widespread high-resolution mosaic image and calculate the vegetation index...
This paper proposes a new control scheme of decentralized multi-legged robot based on Follow-the-Contact-Point (FCP) gait control. In this control scheme, the first legs contact the points allocated on the terrain and the following legs touch the foot on the point which the fore leg is contacting. By creating adequate contacting points on the environment, the robot can be navigated successfully. Since...
To examine human health, we need to check changes over time in the states of various vital signs such as blood pressure, body temperature, and blood glucose level. As long as the human body is alive, vital signs are the values that keep delicately fluctuating within a certain range due to homeostasis, and it is possible to predict signs of diseases when vital signs fluctuate widely. Therefore, it...
A new processing technique called Non-Harmonic Analysis (NHA) is proposed for OCT imaging. NHA can resolve high frequency without being influenced by window function or frame length of sampled data. The results show that NHA process realizes practical image resolution equivalent to 100nm swept range by using significantly reduced wavelength range.
This paper presents a novel lifting factorization of discrete cosine transform type-II and IV (DCT-II and IV). Although some conventional integer DCT-IIs (IntDCT-IIs) with block size 8 have been proposed, they are not generalized as arbitrary block size M. Using block lifting factorization which has an efficient structure for lossless-to-lossy image coding, we present IntDCT-IIs and IVs with arbitrary...
This paper describes an effective way to estimate state variables, such as motor speed and disturbance from visual signal by using a dual sampling rate observer. The dual sampling rate observer estimates the state variables at every DSP control period and corrects the estimation error at the instant that the measurement signal is detected. The effectiveness of the observer is verified through simulations...
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