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A variety of terms, such as “antiepileptic,” “anticonvulsant,” and “antiseizure” have been historically applied to medications for the treatment of seizure disorders. Terminology is important because using terms that do not accurately reflect the action of specific treatments may result in a misunderstanding of their effects and inappropriate use. The present International League Against Epilepsy...
Objective
Visual assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the Human Epilepsy Project 1 (HEP1) found 18% of participants had atrophic brain changes relative to age without known etiology. Here, we identify the underlying factors related to brain volume differences in people with focal epilepsy enrolled in HEP1.
Methods
Enrollment data for participants with complete records and brain MRIs...
Objective
Progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1 (EPM1) is caused by biallelic alterations in the CSTB gene, most commonly dodecamer repeat expansions. Although transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)–induced long‐interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) was previously reported to be normal in EPM1, short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was reduced. We explored the association between these...
In 2017, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification of Epilepsies described the “genetic generalized epilepsies” (GGEs), which contained the “idiopathic generalized epilepsies” (IGEs). The goal of this paper is to delineate the four syndromes comprising the IGEs, namely childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and epilepsy with generalized...
Objective
Drug‐resistant focal epilepsy is often caused by focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs). The distribution of these lesions across the cerebral cortex and the impact of lesion location on clinical presentation and surgical outcome are largely unknown. We created a neuroimaging cohort of patients with individually mapped FCDs to determine factors associated with lesion location and predictors of...
Objective
Paroxysmal epileptiform abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG) are the hallmark of epilepsies, but it is uncertain to what extent epilepsy and background EEG oscillations share neurobiological underpinnings. Here, we aimed to assess the genetic correlation between epilepsy and background EEG oscillations.
Methods
Confounding factors, including the heterogeneous etiology of epilepsies...
Objective
To test the hypothesis that people with focal epilepsy experience diagnostic delays that may be associated with preventable morbidity, particularly when seizures have only nonmotor symptoms, we compared time to diagnosis, injuries, and motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) in people with focal nonmotor versus focal seizures with motor involvement at epilepsy onset.
Methods
This retrospective...
Objective
Previous studies have suggested that heterozygous variants p.Q1236H and p.E1143G in mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG1) increase the risk for liver injury for patients on valproate (VPA) therapy. We assessed the prevalence of these common variants and seven other pathogenic mutations in POLG1 and determined the occurrence of VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity (VHT) or pancreatic toxicity...
To describe the demographics, etiologies, types of status epilepticus (SE), and outcomes in people with refractory and super‐refractory SE from around the world, we prospectively collected cases of refractory SE (RSE) treated with continuous intravenous anesthetic drugs in an intensive care unit setting through online questionnaires using “active surveillance.” We collected information about 776 cases...
We explored the current practice with respect to the neuropsychological assessment of surgical epilepsy patients in European epilepsy centers, with the aim of harmonizing and establishing common standards. Twenty‐six epilepsy centers and members of “E‐PILEPSY” (a European pilot network of reference centers in refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery), were asked to report the status of neuropsychological...
ObjectiveIn 2014 the European Union–funded E‐PILEPSY project was launched to improve awareness of, and accessibility to, epilepsy surgery across Europe. We aimed to investigate the current use of neuroimaging, electromagnetic source localization, and imaging postprocessing procedures in participating centers.
MethodsA survey on the clinical use of imaging, electromagnetic source localization, and...
Objective
To evaluate efficacy, tolerability, and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) in patients with Unverricht‐Lundborg disease (EPM1).
Methods
Two prospective, multicenter, double‐blind, phase III trials (N01187/NCT00357669; N01236/NCT00368251) in patients (≥16 years) with genetically ascertained EPM1, showing moderate–severe myoclonus (action myoclonus score ≥30/160), randomized (1:1:1)...
The European Forum on Epilepsy Research (ERF2013), which took place in Dublin, Ireland, on May 26–29, 2013, was designed to appraise epilepsy research priorities in Europe through consultation with clinical and basic scientists as well as representatives of lay organizations and health care providers. The ultimate goal was to provide a platform to improve the lives of persons with epilepsy by influencing...
This document provides guidance on the use of valproate in girls and women of childbearing age from a joint Task Force of the Commission on European Affairs of the International League Against Epilepsy (CEA‐ILAE) and the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), following strengthened warnings from the Coordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised Procedures‐Human (CMDh) of the European Medicines...
The purpose of this report was to update the 2006 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) report and identify the level of evidence for long‐term efficacy or effectiveness for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) as initial monotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed or untreated epilepsy. All applicable articles from July 2005 until March 2012 were identified, evaluated, and combined with the previous...
Purpose: The outcome of surgery in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and normal high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been significantly worse than in patients with unilateral hippocampal damage upon MRI. The purpose of this study was to determine the long‐term outcomes of consecutive true MRI‐negative TLE patients who all underwent standardized preoperative evaluation with...
Purpose: Appropriate treatment of generalized convulsive refractory status epilepticus (RSE) requires general anesthesia in the intensive care unit (ICU) with continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring. During out of office hours and weekends, cEEG monitoring is not always available. The Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor can be used to assess the hypnotic component of general anesthesia. We...
Purpose: To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the investigational drug carisbamate as adjunctive treatment for partial‐onset seizures (POS).
Methods: Two identical, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind studies were conducted in adults with POS uncontrolled for ≥1 year. Therapy‐refractory epilepsy patients (≥16 years) remained on stable doses of prescribed antiepileptic drugs...
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