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Aims
To investigate cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between personality and smoking, and test whether socio‐demographic factors modify these associations.
Design
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal individual‐participant meta‐analysis.
Setting
Nine cohort studies from Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Participants
A total of 79 757 men and women (mean...
This prospective study examined the relationships between impulsivity, smoking and alcohol use in a large non-clinical sample of 601 men and 4832 women working in 12 Finnish hospitals. Data on impulsivity, smoking and alcohol consumption were collected by two questionnaires with a two-year interval. At baseline, impulsivity was associated with smoking and alcohol use. After controlling for baseline...
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