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Nasolacrimal ducts are a terrestrial vertebrate adaptation and appear to have co‐evolved with orbital glands. Although plethodontid salamanders possess orbital glands, a recent study concluded that plethodontid salamanders lack nasolacrimal ducts. Functionally, the absence of nasolacrimal ducts closes the route for orbital gland secretion passage into the nasal and vomeronasal organ cavities. Orbital...
G. Kingsley Noble reported the possibility of orbital gland involvement in reproduction of spelerpine salamanders, particularly Eurycea, through rudimentary gross examination of the heads of male and female salamanders. In his report, Noble provided details from only one taxon of salamander, E. bislineata. To examine the variability of orbital glands with secondary sexual function in Eurycea, orbital...
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