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This work demonstrated that triglycerides based vegetable oils were directly converted into cycloparaffinic and aromatic components in jet fuel by a three-step process. This process involved the catalytic cracking of vegetable oils into light aromatics over the zeolite catalyst (HZSM-5(80)), followed by the aromatic alkylation of light aromatics using the ionic liquid of [bmim]Cl-2AlCl3 and the hydrogenation...
To improve the quality of fast pyrolysis bio-oil, an efficient catalytic upgrading process is proposed with pristine Ni/MgO catalyst and ethanol. Esterification, hydrogenation, alkylation of aromatic ring and depolymerization of lignin-derived pyrolytic oligomers simultaneously occurred in the upgrading process. Esters, ketones and alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds were found to be the main components...
Manganese served as promoter for the Fe-based catalysts has been considered to have great potential in Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis. However, many previous researchers mainly focus on the enhancement of lower olefins, primarily because the previous reported Fe–Mn spinel oxide hindered its wide applications. In this article, Fe2O3@MnO2 spindles were fabricated by coverage of hematite with MnO2 via...
In this work, a dual-bed aqueous catalysis system with Ru/C as catalyst was proposed for the liquid alkane (pentane/hexane: C5/C6) production from acid biomass hydrolysate. The low temperature (413K) hydrogenation of biomass-derived carbohydrates into polyols was carried out in the first fixed-bed. The high temperature (523K) hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of polyols into alkanes was carried out in the...
Aromatics including benzenes, olefins and naphthalenes derived from renewable biomass are of great importance on the potential substitution for diminishing fossil fuels. In this work, aromatics from biomass-derived sorbitol by hydrogenation and aromatization was investigated over the Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni/Hβ catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor. The testing results showed that all the catalysts revealed 100%...
The catalysts with high activity and selectivity, especially the latter, play a key role in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis technology. Herein, a novel Fe-based confinement catalyst, Fe2O3 encapsulated in TiO2 nanotubes, was prepared by a method of vacuum-assisted impregnation. The catalyst presented an excellent yield of oil phase hydrocarbons and C5+ selectivity due to the confinement effect. This interesting...
Co/SiO2 catalysts with 0.4–7.0wt.% of Mn addition were prepared and evaluated for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), using H2-deficient biosyngas (H2/CO/CO2/N2=45/45/7/3, vol%) as feed gas. 0.8wt.% of Mn addition to Co/SiO2 increased Co dispersion and weakened Co–Si interaction on Co–(0.8%)Mn/SiO2 catalyst. Co reducibility was improved to 32.1% and 79.3% at 150–400°C and 150–750°C respectively by H2...
A combined system of auger pyrolysis reactor and fixed-bed catalytic reactor was designed and used for continuous pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading of pine wood in this paper. HZSM-5 (Si/Al=38) catalyst was evaluated for catalytic cracking. The distributions of liquid and gaseous products at the pyrolysis temperatures of 400–600°C and the catalytic cracking temperatures of 450–650°C were determined...
Effect of manganese promoter on the microstructures of co-precipitated Fe–Cu catalysts was investigated by N 2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed reduction/desorption of hydrogen (H 2 -TPR/TPD). Higher alcohols synthesis (HAS) was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The characterization results indicated that incorporation of manganese into the Fe–Cu based...
Direct thermal decomposition, plasma-assisted decomposition, catalytic steam reforming and plasma enhanced catalytic steam reforming of biomass tar using toluene as a model compound were comparatively studied. Plasma enhanced catalytic steam reforming showed the best performance. The introduction of a plasma to the catalytic reforming reaction accelerated the decomposition of toluene, while the co-existing...
Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts calcined at different temperatures were used in the isoparaffin production by aqueous phase processing of sorbitol and characterized by N 2 physical adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 3 -TPD) and Raman techniques. The effect of calcination temperature of the catalysts on the catalytic...
The integrated pilot-scale dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis system from corncob was demonstrated for modernizing utilization of biomass residues. The raw bio-syngas was obtained by the pyrolyzer/gasifier at the yield rate of 40–45Nm 3 /h. The content of tar in the raw bio-syngas was decreased to less than 20mg/Nm 3 by high temperature gasification of the pyrolysates under O 2 ...
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