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An adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is adopted to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion battery for application in electric vehicles (EVs). Generally, the Kalman filter algorithm is selected to dynamically estimate the SOC. However, it easily causes divergence due to the uncertainty of the battery model and system noise. To obtain a better convergent and robust result, an adaptive Kalman...
This paper theoretically analyzes the influence of distance between Bragg reflector and slow wave structure on output power of relativistic backward wave oscillator (BWO). According to the phase relation between the RF current in electron beam and axial electric field in structure, the optimal distances are suggested. More analyses on this characteristic of BWO with Bragg reflector has been conducted...
This paper presents proposes a method of improving the input power to inhibit parasitic oscillations. Particle-in-cell simulation results indicate that the relativistic klystron amplifier driven by strong input power is a potential device to attain high stability, high efficiency, wide bandwidth, and frequency and phase locking. An electron beam of 200 keV, 1k A is used in simulation. Under the condition...
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