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The present study investigated the efficacy of catalytic materials, i.e., tourmaline, zinc and aluminum, in mitigating calcium carbonate scaling of carbon steel material. Artificial hard water (480±20mg/l) was used to re-circulate in the system loop for 3days of fouling test. Tests were carried out at various solution temperatures (27, 40, and 70°C) and flow rates (800, 1200, and 1600ml/min). Different...
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