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High-power fiber lasers are being actively developed and now widely used in industrial welding and cutting processes. The most successful fiber laser, Yb-doped silica fiber laser, has a problem getting high efficient operation due to the photo-darkening (PD) effect. Chavez et al. [1] concluded that PD is generated by such valence state changes in Yb as from Yb3+ to Yb2+ and that Yb-Yb clusters might...
We found that Ca additive effectively suppresses the photo-darkening (PD) effect in Yb-doped silica fiber even at 6.0 wt% of high Yb2O3 concentration. Ca ion works as a stabilizer to maintain the Yb3+ valence state. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may reflect the local charge balance effect in silica glass. This Yb-Ca co-doped silica fiber can be useful for high-power fiber lasers.
This paper reports the design, fabrication and evaluation of piezoresistive effect of the top-down fabricated p-type <110> Si nanowires (SiNWs). The SiNWs with the length of 2 ??m, thickness of 35 nm and width ranges from 35 nm to 490 nm have been fabricated by electron beam (EB) direct writing and reactive ion etching (RIE). The impurity concentration of the SiNWs is 2 ?? 1018 cm-3, obtained...
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