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Motion artifacts are a common finding during high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) image acquisitions. To date it is not clear (i) when to repeat an acquisition, (ii) when to exclude a motion-degraded dataset post hoc, and (iii) how motion induced artifacts impact measures of trabecular and cortical parameters. In this study we present inter- and intra-observer reproducibility...
This cross-sectional study is based on images from the lower leg as assessed by peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT). Measurements were performed in 39 female and 38 male control subjects and 15 female professional volleyball players, all between 18 and 30 years of age. The images were obtained at shank levels of 4%, 14%, 33%, and 66% from the distal end. Bone and muscle cross-sectional...
A three-dimensional technique was developed for the quantification of the number and cross-sectional geometry of individual trabeculae oriented along a given direction. As an example application, the number of vertical and horizontal trabeculae and their respective cross-sectional geometry were determined for a set of six vertebral cancellous bone specimens (L3-L4 female vertebral bodies; age range...
The purpose of this study was to use high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging combined with image analysis to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) trabecular structure, anisotropy, and connectivity of human vertebral, femoral, and calcaneal specimens. The goal was to determine whether: (a) MR-derived measures depict known skeletal-site-specific differences in architecture and orientation...
Although the efficacy of various measures for the assessment of trabecular bone architecture has been widely studied, the impact of spatial resolution on the estimation of these measures has remained relatively unexplored. In this study, ten cubes each of human trabecular bone from the femur and vertebral bodies were obtained from nine cadavers (four males and five females), aged 23-67 years (mean...
For several reasons, including low cost and radiation dose, simplicity, and the ability to image several skeletal sites, dual X-ray absoptiometry (DXA) is the most widely employed technique for diagnostic and serial assessment of integral bone mass in osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. However, three-dimensional imaging modalities such as quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and magnetic...
We have developed a lattice spring model that can calculate the elastic properties of materials having very complex microstructures. This model is much faster than traditional finite element methods. Complex microstructures with up to 10 7 nodes can be analyzed in a few hours on a standard workstation. Each volume element (voxel) of a 3D x-ray computed tomography image is treated like an...
High resolution magnetic resonance (MR) techniques combined with standard techniques of stereology and texture analysis have been used to quantify trabecular structure. Using dried excised specimens from the tibia (n = 10) and radius (n = 2) we evaluate the impact of using volumetric gradient-echo (GE) and spin-echo (SE) MR imaging sequences, the relative importance of echo time in gradient-echo...
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