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Aim
To measure whether the prevalence of use and real‐world effectiveness of different smoking cessation aids has changed in England since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.
Design
Representative monthly cross‐sectional surveys, January 2015–June 2021.
Setting
England.
Participants
A total of 7300 adults (≥18 y) who had smoked within the previous 12 months and had made ≥1 quit...
Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of announcement of tax increases on factory‐made (FM) and roll‐your own (RYO) cigarettes in England.
Design, Setting and Participants
Autoregressive integrated moving average with exogeneous input (ARIMAX) time–series modelling in England, UK. Data were aggregated monthly on 274 890 participants between 2007 and 2019 taking part in the Smoking Toolkit...
Aims
To assess how changes in the prevalence of e‐cigarette use among young adults have been associated with changes in the uptake of smoking in England between 2007 and 2018.
Design
Time–series analysis of population trends with autoregressive integrated moving average with exogeneous input (ARIMAX models).
Setting
England.
Participants
Data were aggregated quarterly on young adults aged 16–24...
Introduction
The UK low‐risk drinking guidelines were revised in 2016. Drinkers were primarily informed about the guidelines via news media, but little is known about this coverage. This study investigated the scale and content of print and online textual news media coverage of drinking guidelines in England from February 2014 to October 2017.
Methods
We searched the Nexis database and two leading...
Background
The lack of an agreed international minimum approach to measuring cannabis use hinders the integration of multidisciplinary evidence on the psychosocial, neurocognitive, clinical and public health consequences of cannabis use.
Methods
A group of 25 international expert cannabis researchers convened to discuss a multidisciplinary framework for minimum standards to measure cannabis use...
Background and Aims
Lapse risk when trying to stop or reduce harmful substance use is idiosyncratic, dynamic and multi‐factorial. Just‐in‐time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) aim to deliver tailored support at moments of need or opportunity. We aimed to synthesize evidence on decision points, tailoring variables, intervention options, decision rules, study designs, user engagement and effectiveness...
Aim
To estimate changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour from before to during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in England, and whether changes differed by age, sex or social grade.
Design
Representative cross‐sectional surveys of adults, collected monthly between August 2018 and July 2020.
Setting
England.
Participants
A total of 36 980 adults (≥ 18 years).
Measurements
Independent...
Background and Aims
The three‐question Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT‐C) is frequently used in healthcare for screening and brief advice about levels of alcohol consumption. AUDIT‐C scores (0–12) provide feedback as categories of risk rather than estimates of actual alcohol intake, an important metric for behaviour change. The study aimed to (i) develop a continuous metric from...
Aims
To estimate the associations between regular exposure to smoking by other people and motivation and attempts to quit among current smokers. To examine whether socio‐demographic and other factors moderate these associations.
Design
A repeat nationally representative cross‐sectional survey. Data were collected monthly between November 2014 and February 2019.
Setting
England.
Participants...
Introduction
To examine changes in drinking patterns and to assess factors associated with reported increases in frequency of drinking, units consumed and frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) during the UK lockdown.
Methods
Online cross‐sectional survey of 2777 self‐selected UK adults.
Results
Thirty percent of participants reported drinking more frequently in lockdown, 16% reported drinking...
Background and aims
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has called for research into tobacco harm reduction across ethnicities, genders and socio‐economic status. Although there is increasing research focused on the latter two, relatively few studies have considered ethnic variations. Therefore this study aimed to assess (i) the association between ethnicity and use of e‐cigarettes...
Background and Aims
There are concerns that national population‐based estimates of illicit drug use are underestimated. We investigated this by comparing estimates of illicit substance use at age 24 from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) with a birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC) and by comparing the Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Studies (STS/ATS) to ALSPAC...
Aims
To establish the number of smokers in England who would be targeted by increasing the age of sale of cigarettes from 18 to 21 years and to assess the smoking and socio‐demographic profile of those smokers.
Design and setting
Nationally representative cross‐sectional survey of adults in England conducted between January 2009 and July 2019.
Participants
A total of 219 720 adults.
Measurements...
Background and Aim
There have been substantial recent changes in youth tobacco product use in the United States—including, notably, a rapid increase in use of e‐cigarettes. It is not known whether, and if so how far, these changes are reflected in levels of nicotine dependence. This study used data from a large, nationally representative sample of US adolescents to (i) estimate the annual prevalence...
Background and aim
National social marketing campaigns have been shown to promote smoking cessation in England. There is reason to believe that regional and city‐wide campaigns can play a valuable role in reducing smoking prevalence over and above any national tobacco control activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of the London Smoking Cessation Transformation Programme, a multi‐component...
Aims
To estimate the association of smoking status with rates of (i) infection, (ii) hospitalization, (iii) disease severity and (iv) mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 disease.
Design
Living rapid review of observational and experimental studies with random‐effects hierarchical Bayesian meta‐analyses. Published articles and pre‐prints were identified via MEDLINE and medRxiv.
Setting
Community...
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