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One response of the brain to stressors is to increase microglial activation with the consequent production of proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which has been shown to exert an inhibitory effect on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. It has been consistently shown, particularly in vitro, that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides increase activation of microglia, while its inhibitory...
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) selectively and competitively inhibits the actions of IL-1 at its receptors and has not been reported to have agonist activity. This study demonstrates that stimulation of synaptosomes with IL-1ra in vitro, mimicked the effects of IL-1β by decreasing glutamate release and increasing JNK phosphorylation. These effects of IL-1ra, but not IL-1β, were maintained...
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