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This paper focused on flame shape and burning rate of n-heptane pool fires beneath an arced ceiling. To investigate the influence of constraint effect, a sequence of scale-model experiments were conducted with varying transverse fire locations. Also, the different pool aspect ratios and layouts were also considered. The results showed that the flame front produced vortices beneath the arced ceiling...
A series of zirconium and molybdenum species incorporated into ordered mesoporous silicate KIT-6 (ZrMo-KIT-6) materials were designed and synthesized from a one-pot hydrothermal method. The influences of Zr and Mo contents and calcination temperature in ordered mesoporous structure and existing states of introduced Zr and Mo species were systematically researched by SXRD, N2-physisorption, TEM, elemental...
A novel iminodiacetic acid magnetic biochar (MBCI) was prepared, characterized and evaluated its adsorption performance for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. The biochar (BC) derived from palm fiber was served as a novel matrix, first oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (BCO) and loaded of Fe3O4 nano-particles (MBCO), followed by a coupling reaction and functional modification (MBCI). The characterization...
Nitrogen oxides are harmful to human health and environment. In this study, the oxidation removal of NO through a new in situ Fenton (IF) system was investigated. The independent effects of gas flow rate, initial pH, Fe2+/H2O2 molar ratio and reagent temperature were discussed preliminarily. For the first three factors, the oxidation efficiencies of NO increased with the increase of the values and...
Methane/hydrogen fuels are widely applied in the internal combustion engine and gas turbine due to enhanced laminar burning velocity and extended flammability limits. In order to ensure energy utilization in safety, the flame characteristics and explosion pressure in the lean, stoichiometric and rich mixture are investigated systematically by varying hydrogen addition and initial pressure. In the...
Understanding the pyrolysis mechanism of lignin is of great importance for improvement of thermochemical conversion processes and upgrading of biofuels. In this work, the pyrolysis of lignin model compound, guaiacol, at atmospheric pressure has been studied in a flow reactor by synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry. Over 50 species were detected and identified in guaiacol...
Cavitation is quite important for the diesel spray atomization and the combustion of air–fuel mixture. In this study, a high-speed CMOS camera equipped with a long-distance microscope was utilized to capture the transient cavitating flow and spray characteristics in real-size optical nozzles with needle motion. The transient cavitation images, including geometry-induced cavitation and vortex-induced...
Gas is adsorbed in the pores of coal matrix and during gas production gas is desorbed from the pore surface and diffuses through the matrix pore structure and flows in the fracture/cleat system to the production well or boreholes. However, coal is highly heterogeneous and anisotropic. How heterogeneity and anisotropy affect the gas storage and especially the diffusion behaviour is not well studied...
Downsizing a spark ignition (SI) engine with boost pressure is a proven way of increasing the thermal efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. However, the occurrence of abnormal combustion problems such as knock and super knock could seriously damage the downsized SI engine and limit its efficiency improvement. In this study, the effects of the Miller cycle on anti-knock and engine power are experimentally...
In the present work, we investigate the viscosity evolution of heavy oil by peroxide oxidation and successive thermal pyrolysis. Our results show that, the oxidation majorly occurs in the aromatic hydrocarbon (AH), which may debranch the side chains of aromatic derivatives forming isolated long-chain carboxylic acids, or introduce carboxyl to the tail of the branch chains in aromatic structures. The...
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production from catalytic dehydration of fructose was studied over mesoporous silica heterogenized perfluorosulfonic acid resin (Aquivion@silica) catalyst. Amphiphilic Aquivion PFSA was used as both acidic and template agent for the sol–gel synthesis of amorphous mesoporous silica which was found very appropriate to effectively immobilize Aquivion resin by using an impregnation...
The dissociation of hydrates containing kinetic inhibitors is important for the treatment of gas hydrate blockages in pipelines. In this work, the dissociation of natural gas hydrates in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscope (SEM). The natural gas hydrates were formed from a synthetic natural gas mixture composed of...
Both laboratory simulation experiments and thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were conducted to illustrate the retention mechanisms of ash components on three toxic elements (Sb, Se and Pb). The experiment was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor with the combustion temperature in the range of 500–1000 °C. The results shown that the redistribution behavior of these toxic elements was greatly...
The dry separation of fine coal provides a feasible, low-cost and pollution-free method for the pre-arsenic removal from coal prior to combustion. In this study, the arsenic (As) occurrence of the coal from Wangjiazhai coal mine in China and the corresponding migration law in the dissociation process were investigated. Accordingly, it was proposed for the vibrated dense medium fluidized bed (VDMFB)...
Fine particles are significantly harmful to the human body and the atmospheric environment. However, the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) removal efficiency for PM2.5 is low, therefore chemical agglomeration technology, which uses various chemical agents to induce particle agglomeration, improving the efficiency of ESP seems to be a promising pretreatment technology. In the present contribution a...
To investigate the methane adsorption capacity and the characteristics of gas shales under high pressures, we conducted total organic carbon (TOC), low-pressure nitrogen adsorption (LPNA), and high-pressure methane adsorption experiments (up to 30.0MPa) on eight Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale samples collected from northeastern Chongqing, China. The experimental results show that the excess adsorption...
Coal fines are among the key issues that restrict the highly efficient production of coalbed methane (CBM) because they cause blockages in reservoirs and accidents in wellbores. Coal fines always agglomerate to migrate and plug flow paths in formation water. Therefore, an investigation of their agglomerate behaviour in deionized, standard saline and NaHCO3 suspensions was conducted on different rank...
Formation water intrusion into the coal seam through cross drainage boreholes seriously affects the gas extraction efficiency. Particularly in the downward boreholes, the formation water cannot be discharged through the drain. Using the conventional seepage model to estimate the effect of gas drainage will cause that the coal seam residual gas pressure is underestimated. In this paper, we construct...
Biomass energy is an emerging alternative energy source with an attractive carbon balance in its life cycle. Recently, a biomass fast pyrolysis fuel was produced from rice husk, and it was further upgraded using supercritical ethanol with a 5%Pt/SO42−/ZrO2/SBA-15 catalyst in a hydrogen atmosphere. This upgraded biomass pyrolysis fuel is mainly composed of ethers, esters, alcohols and ketones. After...
Two typical types of bituminous coal (JN and SH) were employed for thorough devolatilization, then the samples were functionalized by O2 at 1073K to different conversion ratios (JN: 0.21, 0.34, 0.40, 0.53 and 0.63; SH: 0.15, 0.22, 0.32, 0.42 and 0.52) before the surface oxygen containing complexes C(O) were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy...
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