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Glycerol acetonide, also termed solketal, which is chemically derived from bio-glycerol, was used as a combustion improver in the dispersed emulsion phase in this study. Nano-emulsions of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) containing nano-sized droplets of solketal were produced using microwave irradiation and compared with those produced by mechanical homogenizing. A non-ionic surfactant mixture of Tween...
Microwaves, a form of electromagnetic radiation with high frequencies and short wavelengths, are often used for de-emulsification because various emulsion phases are susceptible to separation owing to the intense twisting of polar molecules and abrupt temperature increases caused by microwave vibration. This study was the first to prepare three-phase emulsions of biodiesel-in-nitromethane-in-diesel...
The fuel properties of the biodiesel produced from Camellia oleifera Abel oil through supercritical-methanol transesterification with no catalyst was investigated in this study. An emulsion of raw C. oleifera Abel oil dispersed in methanol was prepared prior to being poured into a supercritical-methanol reaction system to undergo the transesterification reaction. The fuel properties of the resulting...
Emulsions have long been considered as an alternative fuel for combustion equipment in order to achieve better fuel economy and pollution reduction. While a mechanical homogenizing method is frequently used to prepare emulsions, the use of an ultrasonic emulsification method to do so is still rather limited, and is mostly applied to two-phase emulsions only. Hence, two-phase W/O and three-phase O/W/O...
Biodiesel has attractive fuel properties such as excellent biodegradability and lubricity, almost no emissions of sulfur oxides, PAH and n-PAH, reduced CO 2 , PM and CO emission, superior combustion efficiency, etc. However, burning of biodiesel generally produces higher levels of NO x emissions, primarily due to its high oxygen content. In this study, the emulsification technology...
Biodiesel is a clean alternative fuel, which can be used to reduce the emission pollution from diesel engines. The improvement of fuel properties of biodiesel through production technique was investigated in this study. A chemical production procedure of transesterification reaction combined with an additional peroxidation process was applied to produce the biodiesel. It was shown that the biodiesel...
The emulsification method is a potential technique for reducing pollutant emissions from combustion equipment primarily due to occurrence of micro-explosion to enhance burning. In this study, an ultrasonic emulsification method was applied to prepare two-phase water-in-oil (W/O) and three-phase oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsions. The engine performance and the pollutant emission characteristics...
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that is cleaner than petrodiesel. Biodiesel can be used directly as fuel for a diesel engine without having to modify the engine system. It has the major advantages of having high biodegradability, excellent lubricity and no sulfur content. In this study, the biodiesel produced by a transesterification technique was further reacted by using a peroxidation process....
Diesel engines are employed as the major propulsion power source for both in-land and marine transportation primarily because of their simple, rigid structure and high fuel economy. It is expected that diesel engines will be widely used in the foreseeable future. However, the pollutants emitted from diesel engines, in particular nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, which are detrimental to the...
Diesel engines are widely employed as the power sources for in-land and marine transportation and industrial power plants. However, pollutants emitted from diesel engines, especially nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, which can be detrimental to human health and to the ecological environment, attract much research interest. Although the emulsion of diesel fuel has been used to reduce engine emission,...
Diesel engines are employed as the major propulsion power for in-land and marine transportation vehicles primarily because of their rigid structure, low breakdown rate, high thermal efficiency and high fuel economy. It is expected that diesel engines will be widely used in the foreseeable future. However, the pollutants emitted from diesel engines (in particular nitrogen oxides and particulate matter)...
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