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In this letter, a new protection technique, namely Spectrum Shared pre-configured cycles (SS-$p$ -cycles), is proposed for survivable elastic optical networks. SS-$p$ -cycles permit to cut spectrum usage and spectrum fragmentation ratio (SFR) by leveraging special spectrum sharing among multiple $p$ -cycles that have common link(s). To compute SS-$p$ -cycles, we first formulate an integer linear...
Two-way time transfer is a common method applied to spacecrafts and ground stations to carry out time transfer. This method improved the accuracy of time transfer by eliminating the impact of propagation paths and extra delay caused by atmosphere, so the algorithm of two-way satellite time transfer is presently one of the time transfer methods with high accuracy. But this method requires the spacecrafts...
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