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This study illustrates basic guidelines for integrating empirical measurements to state of the art modeling approaches; that can be used to improve the accuracy of physics based data center CFD models. Experimental measurements gathered in a new research dedicated data center laboratory are used to guide an advanced approach to CFD modeling, the intent is to come up with a validated predictive model...
There is strong interest in being able to predict the air thermal distribution in data centers to have a better understanding of the problem so that cooling energy can be reduced. As experimental studies in data centers require exhaustive measurement efforts, CFD presents an alternative solution. A few of these studies were validated against experimental data, and relatively large errors were found...
An improved CFD model is presented to predict the thermal field in a small data center test cell. CFD analysis reported in an earlier paper tended to exaggerate hot and cold spots in a small data center test cell as a result of the inability of the CFD model to predict the correct level of mixing of the cold air emanating from the perforated floor tiles and the warmer room air. The same can be said...
Current CFD simulation studies of large data centers cannot model the detailed geometries of the perforated tiles due to grid size limitation. These studies often assume that the tile flow can be modeled as constant velocity based on a fully open tile. In this case, mass flux is enforced at the expense of under-predicting momentum flux; the error in momentum flux can be as high as a factor of four...
This paper uses previously published experimental data to present a comparison between test results and numerical simulations. The example considered is a large 7400 ft2 data canter that houses over 130 heat-producing racks (1.2 MW) and 12 air conditioning units. Localized hot spot heat fluxes were measured to be as high as 512 W/ft2 (5.5 kW/m2 ) for a 400 ft2 (37 m2 ) region. A numerical model based...
In a typical raised floor data center, under floor plenum supplies cold air to the computer room via perforated floor tiles. Thermal management of any data center primarily depends on air flow rates through the tiles. These tile flow rates are a function of several factors that govern the flow pattern under the raised floor. CFD analyses of an ideal raised floor can often be misleading as they may...
The current trend of using denser server environments is continuously increasing to satisfy the growing needs of e-commerce and other emerging technologies. The resulting high room-level heat fluxes present significant challenges with respect to maintaining acceptable computer rack inlet temperatures and minimizing total data center energy consumption. Numerical methods are widely used to model existing...
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