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For the first time, broadband (0.5–20 GHz) electrical detection of live bacteria was successfully demonstrated on E. coli, despite their being small and adherent compared to mammalian cells such as Jurkat T-lymphoma human cells that had been detected by using a similar coplanar waveguide in conjunction with a microfluidic channel. Critical to the success was in suppressing the background drift of...
Using a coplanar waveguide with a series gap in conjunction with dielectrophoresis trapping, consecutive S-parameter measurements between 0.5 and 20 GHz were quickly performed with and without a Jurkat cell trapped to compensate for a relatively noisy and drifting background. Based on sixteen measurements repeated on eight live cells and eight dead cells, differences in both return and insertion losses...
Using a coplanar waveguide with a series gap in conjunction with dielectrophoresis trapping, consecutive S-parameter measurements between 0.5 and 20 GHz were quickly performed with and without a Jurkat cell trapped to compensate for a relatively noisy and drifting background. This allowed the small cytoplasm capacitance, on the order of 10 fF, to be reliably extracted. The extracted cytoplasm capacitance...
Based on a homemade probe station on top of an inverted microscope for simultaneous microwave measurement and visual validation, broadband detection of live Jurkat cells was successfully extended from 2–3.5 GHz to 0.5–20 GHz with comparable sensitivity and reproducibility. With a carefully optimized coplanar waveguide, closely spaced microwave probes, and frequent calibrations, reference planes were...
A novel broadband microchamber for electrical detection of live and dead biological cells was designed, fabricated and tested. The microchamber was formed between a gold coplanar waveguide fabricated on a quartz slide and the microfluidic channels fabricated in a polydimethylsiloxane cover. The coplanar waveguide allowed broadband impedance matching and efficient cell trapping. The microfluidic channels...
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