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The quasi-distributed sensor allowing measuring of steady-state temperature fields has been proposed. The sensor comprises of thin sensing resistive elements arranged in grid structure. The sensor can be used in the system wherein only external boundary is available for measurement equipment connection such as PEMFC membrane electrode assembly. The proposed sensor can be adapted to measure other physical...
In this paper, we show through both calculations and Hall effect measurements that incomplete ionization of dopants has a greater influence on the majority-carrier density in p-type and n-type compensated Si than in uncompensated Si with the same net doping. The factors influencing incomplete ionization at room temperature are shown to be the majority-dopant concentration, its ionization energy and...
In this paper, we show through both calculations and Hall effect measurements that incomplete ionization of dopants has a greater influence on the majority-carrier density in p -type and n-type compensated Si than in uncompensated Si with the same net doping. The factors influencing incomplete ionization at room temperature are shown to be the majority-dopant concentration, its ionization energy and...
Well-collimated proton beams are generated from bulk glass along the target normal direction by tightly focused 3mJ ultrafast laser pulses at intensities of 2×1018W/cm2 at 0.5kHz. Spectral measurements indicate maximum proton energy is around 0.5MeV.
An indigenous four electrode conductivity cell configuration which has no external electric field so that measurement is not affected by presence of nearby external objects for measuring ocean water salinity is investigated. Finite element modeling is used to optimize the cell dimension for achieving zero external field effect at both ends of the cell. The conductivity cell is fabricated with double...
Most dielectric loss measurements are made by using a capacitance bridge. Bridge methods however require standard capacitors. These capacitors have dielectric loss tangents of about 10−5 and loss tangents smaller than this cannot easily be measured with bridge techniques. Furthermore, the measurement is a relative rather than an absolute one, and thus its precision is dependent on how precisely the...
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