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Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), and all related hormones, consist of nine amino acids with cysteine residues in positions 1 and 6 that form a six-amino acid cyclic part, and of a C-terminal glycine in α-amidated form. These neuropeptides are classified into oxytocin and vasopressin families based on the amino acid residue at position 8. OT-like and VP-like peptides are present in every vertebrate...
It is evident now that the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) structure was already in existence very early in the evolution of animals and was co-opted in diverse ways to regulate reproduction. During 600 million years of animal evolution, the N and C termini of GnRH have been conserved as functional domains for binding and activating cognate receptors to accomplish its functions. About 400 millions...
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