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To date, although some microRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered in the holometabolism insect Tribolium castaneum, large numbers of miRNAs still require investigation. Knocking down Dicer-1 (Dcr-1) and Argonaute-1 (Ago-1) in late larvae impaired miRNA synthesis, affected the juvenile hormone pathway by up-regulating Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and Krüppel-homolog1 (Kr-h1) transcript levels, and resulted...
The transforming growth factor β induced gene (TGFBIG) encodes a protein (TGFBI) which plays important roles in many biological processes. However, no TGFBIG homolog has been reported in B. belcheri. Here, we identified a TGFBI-like gene from B. belcheri and extensively studied the evolutionary history of TGFBI family. We found that the amphioxus genome contains a TGFBIG homolog designated as AmphiTGFBI...
The Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity, but no NFAT genes have yet been identified in amphioxus species. Here we identified and characterized an NFAT-like gene from Branchiostoma belcheri, and also studied extensively the evolutionary history of NFAT family genes. We found that the amphioxus genome contains an AmphiNFAT gene encoding...
Rel/NF-κB family genes are important transcriptional factors regulating vital activities of immunity response, but no Rel/NF-κB gene has been identified in amphioxus. In this study, we have not only identified and characterized a Rel-like gene from Brachiastoma belcheri, but also extensively studied the evolution of Rel gene subfamily. We found that: 1) the amphioxus genome contains an AmphiREL gene...
MicroRNA (miRNA) transcription is still not well understood until now. To increase the miRNA abundance, we stimulated miRNA transcription with CuSO 4 and knocked down Drosha enzyme using dsRNA in Drosophila S2 cells. The full length transcripts of bantam, miR-276a and miR-277, the 5′-end of miR-8, the 3′-end of miR-2b and miR-10 were obtained. We also conducted a series of miRNA promoter analysis...
Interactions between various events are essential for complex and delicate transcriptional regulation. To delineate the features and potential roles of alternative promoters (APs) correlated with alternative splicing (AS), we have systematically analyzed 9908 putative alternative promoters (PAPs) from 3797 human genes. Our results showed that ∼65% of AS events are associated with PAPs. Intriguingly,...
Kininogens, the precursors of bradykinins, vary extremely in both structure and function among different taxa of animals, in particular between mammals and amphibians. This includes even the most conserved bradykinin domain in terms of biosynthesis mode and structure. To elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of kininogen genes, we have identified 19 novel amino acid sequences from EST and genomic databases...
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