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In this chapter we give an introduction to spatial data analysis, and distinguish it from other forms of data analysis. By spatial data we mean data that contain locational as well as attribute information. We focus on two broad types of spatial data: area data and origin–destination flow data. Area data relate to a situation where the variable of interest—at least as our book is concerned—does not...
Exploratory spatial data analysis is often a preliminary step to more formal modelling approaches that seek to establish relationships between the observations of a variable and the observations of other variables, recorded for each areal unit. The focus in this chapter is on spatial regression models in a simple cross-sectional setting, leaving out of consideration the analysis of panel data. We,...
Here in this chapter, we first consider the visualisation of area data before examining a number of exploratory techniques. The focus is on spatial dependence (spatial association). In other words, the techniques we consider aim to describe spatial distributions, discover patterns of spatial clustering, and identify atypical observations (outliers). Techniques and measures of spatial autocorrelation...
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