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Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF) has been used to separate a variety of petroleum residua and other heavy oils into narrow-cut fractions with total yields up to 75–90%. Any insoluble material, or end-cut, corresponds to the asphaltene fraction in the parent oil. The narrow-cut fractions were analyzed comprehensively and separated into the solubility classes of saturate, aromatic,...
Chinese Dagang atmospheric residue, Arabian light and medium vacuum residues were subjected to supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF). Each residue was fractionated into eight narrow extractable fractions with increasing molecular weight (MW) and polarity, and a non-extractable end-cut. Catalytic hydroprocessing of residue SFEF fractions were carried out in a 100ml autoclave in the...
Natural oilsands is a complex mixture of sand, clay, bitumen and connate water that can vary markedly from one sample to another. Also, oilsands processability is known to depend on composition and process water chemistry. Because these variables are hard to control, the effect of an individual oilsands component on bitumen recovery is difficult to determine.Here, we carry out a series of systematic...
Compared to benchmark crude oils, bitumen does not respond well to conventional upgrading processes. In order to improve our understanding of this problem, we compare the chemical and physical properties of fractions from super critical fluid extraction of bitumen pitch with the corresponding fractions of residua from Venezuelan heavy oil, a Saudi Arabian light crude and a Chinese Daqing conventional...
As the Canadian supply of light crudes has diminished in recent years, refineries have necessarily been required to deal with difficult to process oilsands bitumens and heavy oils. Bitumen in particular exhibits unique behavior during upgrading; nearly 50% (w/w) of the feedstock is an intractable residuum. The fast catalyst deactivation and high coke forming propensity displayed by this feedstock...
Supercritical fluid extraction, narrow-cut characterization of bitumen pitch, hydrocracker and once-through coker vacuum resids revealed the unexpected process chemistry of bitumen hydrocracking. Hydrocracking appears to prolong the coke formation process of the end-cut material of bitumen, by converting it to coke precursors. The conversion (or removal) mechanism for most key species (microcarbon...
A mechanism for the hot water extraction process is proposed based on new results from extraction tests using model oil sand. It was found that bitumen can be completely liberated from the oil sand matrix and forms aerated droplets during slurrying with water without adding process aids. However, the aerated bitumen droplets were unable to float due to the attachment of sand particles on the surface...
Bitumen-sand interaction was studied as a function of pH, particle size, temperature and solvent addition to bitumen. Sand particles can be easily detached from the bitumen surface at pH > 6. At pH < 6, strong attachment between bitumen and sand is observed. The bitumen-sand interaction is also particle-size dependent: the finer the particles, the stronger the attachment. The detachment of coarse...
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