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Radioactive materials are treated and transformed mainly in nuclear industries. However, non-nuclear industries use raw materials containing significant levels of natural radionuclides; the processing of these materials can expose workers and people living near such sites to radiation levels well above the natural background. This radioactivity is due to nuclides belonging to the 238...
It is expected that spent nuclear fuel, today mainly UO 2 , may become exposed to groundwater after extended storage in a deep geologic repository. After 1000 years, the radioactivity of the fuel will be constituted essentially by α-emissions by long-lived actinides. The α-emissions play a significant role in determining the dissolution behavior of uranium, because the radiolysis of water...
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