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Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promote anti-helminth responses and contribute to allergies. Here, we report that Bcl11b, previously considered a T-cell-specific transcription factor, acted directly upstream of the key ILC2 transcription factor Gfi1 to maintain its expression in mature ILC2s. Consequently, Bcl11b−/− ILC2s downregulated Gata3 and downstream genes, including Il1rl1 (encoding IL-33...
Human γδ T cells expressing the Vγ2Vδ2 antigen receptors recognize nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphate and alkylamine antigens. We find that they also recognize staphylococcal enterotoxin A superantigens in a manner distinct from the recognition of nonpeptide antigens. Using chimeric and mutant toxins, SEA amino acid residues 20-27 were shown to be required for γδ TCR recognition of SEA. Residues at 200-207...
MHC class II molecules possess two binding sites for bacterial superantigens (SAGs): a low-affinity site on the α chain and a high-affinity, zinc-dependent site on the β chain. Only the former has been defined crystallographically. We report the structure of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SPE-C) complexed with HLA-DR2a (DRA*0101, DRB5*0101) bearing a self-peptide from myelin basic protein (MBP)...
Superantigens (SAGs) are a class of immunostimulatory proteins of bacterial or viral origin that activate T cells by binding to the Vβ domain of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). The three-dimensional structure of the complex between a TCR β chain (mouse Vβ8.2) and the SAG staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) at 2.4 Å resolution reveals why SEB recognizes only certain Vβ families, as well as why only...
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