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Although induced defenses are widespread in nature, and a potentially important strategy used by invasive plants, it is unclear how induced defenses vary among populations and whether the intensity and duration of induced defenses depends on herbivore type. For invasive plants, low herbivore loads in their introduced ranges can lead to differences in herbivore defense compared to their native ranges,...
In the absence of coevolved natural enemies, plants are expected to experience selection away from costly herbivore defenses toward growth and reproduction [evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA)], yet no one has demonstrated EICA for an indirect defense trait. Likewise, we have little understanding of how constitutive and induced levels of defense vary among native and invasive...
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