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In recent years, low-cost silicon for photovoltaic applications has trended toward smaller grain sizes with lower dislocation densities. These changes, coupled with advanced device architectures like heterojunction and passivated emitter and rear cells, have enabled higher efficiencies, including new world records. To establish material requirements for further improvement, we model dislocations with...
High efficiency and low-cost, low-capex silicon substrates are necessary for the PV industry to grow to meet climate-driven deployment targets. The efficiency gap between the best devices using low-cost, low-capex substrates and monocrystalline silicon produced by the Czochralski method (CZ-Si) have shrunk recently. Here, we present numerical device simulations that show that current crystal growth,...
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