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Objective
Food insecurity is known to be associated with obesity, but its association with physiological measures is unclear. Therefore, it was hypothesized that, compared with food‐secure individuals, those with food insecurity would have higher 24‐hour energy expenditure (EE [kilocalories per day]) and 24‐hour respiratory quotient (RQ [ratio]). Subsequently, hormones involved in appetite regulation,...
Objective
Weight change is a dynamic function of whole‐body energy balance resulting from the interplay between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE). Recent reports have provided evidence for the existence of a causal effect of EE on energy intake, suggesting that increased EE may drive overeating, thereby promoting future weight gain. This study investigated the relationships between ad libitum...
Objective
Negative affect and food insecurity have been proposed to impede adherence to weight loss interventions. Therefore, this study examined the role of these variables on dietary adherence using Ecological Momentary Assessment.
Methods
A total of 50 participants (19 male participants; age = 49 [SD 14] years) participated in an outpatient dietary study. Lean participants (n = 22; BMI ≤ 25...
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate whether a 12‐week, weight‐maintaining, macronutrient‐stable dietary intervention that varies only by meat, fish, or soda consumption alters 24‐hour energy expenditure (24hrEE) and substrate oxidation.
Methods
Healthy males were recruited to participate in a 12‐week inpatient study and were randomized to a weight‐maintaining dietary intervention that contained...
Objective
Weight stigma is associated with poor dietary adherence, yet adherence is essential for weight loss and maintenance. This study aimed to determine differences in dietary adherence and perceived hunger between lean individuals and two groups of individuals with obesity.
Methods
In a 6‐week outpatient dietary intervention (23 males; aged 48 [SD 14] years), lean participants (n = 23; BMI...
Objective
The relationship between adipocyte size and ad libitum energy intake has not been previously examined. This study hypothesized an inverse relationship between adipocyte size and daily energy intake (DEI).
Methods
Seventy healthy adults (39 men and 31 women; BMI 30.0 [SD 6.3]) underwent dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and subcutaneous fat biopsies from the abdomen and thigh. Osmium‐fixed...
Objective
This study aimed to assess the relationship between dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in feeding behavior, and ad libitum energy intake in humans.
Methods
Healthy individuals (n = 158; 72 Native American, 50 white, 18 black, and 18 Hispanic participants; BMI: 33 [SD 9] kg/m2; body fat: 33% [SD 9%]) were admitted for two inpatient studies investigating the determinants of ad libitum...
Objective
The association between food insecurity and obesity may be partially explained by overeating in response to unpredictable food availability cycles. The aim of this study was to measure objective food intake in food‐insecure individuals.
Methods
Eighty‐two volunteers (53 m; BMI 29 ± 7; 38 ± 12 years) were admitted to our inpatient Clinical Research Unit and completed the Food Security...
Objective
To determine how macronutrients accompanying foods with high energy density (EnDen) affect energy intake and weight gain.
Methods
A total of 214 subjects (130 males, BMI: 32 ± 7 kg/m2) ate ad libitum for 3 days. Food intake was expressed as the mean daily intake (in kilocalories) and the percentage of weight‐maintaining energy needs (%WMEN). EnDen was expressed as the ratio of intake...
Objective
To assess the association of adipocyte size with cellular lipolysis and between cellular lipolysis and whole‐body lipid oxidation. This study also assessed the association between adipocyte size and cellular lipolysis with weight and fat mass gain.
Methods
Subjects had assessment of percent body fat (%fat) and adipose tissue biopsy for in vitro lipolysis (n = 325), and a subset of subjects...
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