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The enormous biodiversity of herbivorous insects may arise from ecological speciation via continuous host-plant switches. Whether such switches are successful depends on the trade-off between different selection pressures that act on herbivores. Decreased herbivore performance due to suboptimal nutrition might be compensated for by a reduced natural enemy pressure. As a consequence, an “enemy-free...
Insect herbivore enemies such as parasitoids and predators are important in controlling herbivore pests. From agricultural systems we know that land-use intensification can negatively impact biological control as an important ecosystem service. The aim of our study was to investigate the importance of management regime for natural enemy pressure and biological control possibilities in forests dominated...
Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is known to respond to eggs laid by the sawfly Diprion pini on its needles by releasing a blend of terpenoids, including the sesquiterpene (E)-β-farnesene. These compounds attract a wasp, Closterocerus ruforum, which parasitizes sawfly eggs. D. pini oviposition also enhances the transcription of two sesquiterpene synthases, an (E)-β-caryophyllene/α-humulene synthase (PsTPS1)...
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