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Transformer winding temperature is a function of the load current and ambient temperature. As the maximum winding temperature at steady state operation is limited by IEEE/IEC standards, the higher the ambient temperature, the lower the permitted current. When the high temperature warning forecast from government climatological stations is available, the maximal load can be pre-calculated and, if necessary,...
Numerous studies have been carried out on the ageing of Kraft paper used in transformer insulation, especially on the production rate of the ageing by-products such as 2-furfural and CO2, which were then used as the index to infer the status of ageing of the transformer insulation. However, as this study found out, the ageing of pressboard produces the same byproducts at a much higher rate under exactly...
Following the investigation of two recent transformer failures in winding insulation, researchers have carried out experiments to identify the cause of the failure, which was found to be the partial discharge initiation between transformer winding turns under harsh environment and its development to breakdown under normal operation condition over a long period. Further studies were carried out to...
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