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In the United States, routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for females and males at age 11 or 12 years; the series can be started at age 9 years. Vaccination is also recommended for females through age 26 years and males through age 21 years. The objective of this study was to assess the health impact and cost-effectiveness of harmonizing female and male vaccination recommendations...
State immunization and cancer registries contain data that, if linked, could be used to monitor the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on cervical cancer and precancer. Michigan is uniquely positioned to examine these outcomes using two population-based resources: the state-wide cancer registry and immunization information system (IIS).We assessed the feasibility of identifying females in...
In the United States, Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are safety-net clinics that provide cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to medically underserved women, some of whom may be at risk for developing cervical cancer. National guidelines recommend against using screening test results or sexual history to determine vaccine eligibility. Documenting HPV vaccine...
The objective of this study was to estimate the number of years after onset of a quadrivalent HPV vaccination program before notable reductions in genital warts and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) will occur in teenagers and young adults in the United States.We applied a previously published model of HPV vaccination in the United States and focused on the timing of reductions in genital warts...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended to protect against HPV-related diseases.To estimate HPV vaccine coverage and assess factors associated with vaccine awareness, initiation and receipt of 3 doses among women age 18–30 years.Data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to assess associations of HPV vaccination among women age 18–26 (n=1866) and 27–30 years (n=1028)...
Estimates of the direct medical costs attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) can help to quantify the economic burden of HPV and to illustrate the potential benefits of HPV vaccination. The purpose of this report was to update the estimated annual direct medical costs of the prevention and treatment of HPV-associated disease in the United States, for all HPV types. We included the costs of cervical...
The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of adding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of 12-year-old males to a female-only vaccination program for ages 12–26 years in the United States.We used a simplified model of HPV transmission to estimate the reduction in the health and economic burden of HPV-associated diseases in males and females as a result of HPV vaccination...
In this review, we describe plans to monitor the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on biologic outcomes in selected international areas (Australia, Canada, Mexico, the Nordic countries, Scotland, and the United States) that have adopted this vaccine. This summary of monitoring plans provides a background for discussing the challenges of vaccine monitoring in settings where resources and...
Post-licensure evaluation of vaccines plays an important role in monitoring the progress of immunization programs, demonstrating population impact of vaccines, and providing data for ongoing policy decisions. Two human papillomovirus (HPV) vaccines are licensed and recommended for use in females in the United States, a quadrivalent human HPV vaccine, licensed in 2006 and a bivalent vaccine HPV vaccine...
As human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines come to market, they will face education and training challenges similar to those of other new vaccines, along with HPV-specific issues. Recent studies document stark knowledge gaps about HPV at all levels – among policy makers, healthcare providers, parents, and teens – in both the industrialized and developing worlds. Pharmaceutical companies, public health...
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